The Book of Deuteronomy, the fifth book of the Torah, addresses the treatment of non-Israelites residing within Israelite territory. These individuals, often referred to as “strangers” or “sojourners” in older translations, held a unique status within the community. They were not native-born Israelites, yet they lived among them, subject to the laws of the land. Examples of their presence include individuals engaging in commerce, seeking refuge, or working within Israelite society.
Providing legal protection and social inclusion for this group was a significant aspect of Israelite law and reflected their own history as foreigners in Egypt. Deuteronomy emphasizes just and compassionate treatment, echoing themes of empathy and remembering vulnerability. This ethical framework contributed to social cohesion and stability within ancient Israel and holds enduring relevance for contemporary discussions surrounding immigration, human rights, and social justice.